By-product coke oven



Jan. 4, 1949. P. M. PINCKARD BY-PRODUCT COKE OVEN 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 FiledJuly 3, 1947 Jan'. 4, 1949. P. M. PINCKARD BY-PRODUCT COKE OVEN FiiedJuly 5, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Jan. 4, 1949 UNl'lfED ls'ni'lrlsPATENT OFFICE BY-PRODUCT COKE OVEN Paul M. Pinckard, Kalamazoo, Mich.

Application July 3, 1947, Serial No. 758,948

, 25 claims. (ci. 2oz- 134) same title as this invention, though theyhad but one objective in common stated in their specifications, and thatwas to lessen chamber losses of gas to the ues. Although one worked onthat problem from the chamber providing a reduction in volume andpressure there and the other considered it from the heating flues. Nowthe latter provided real progress toward a tough'engineering problem inthe regenerators and the advantages gained are retained herein, butperfected. Likewise the cool zone by-pass is retained but enlarged intotemperature and pressure controls of the reaction zone by establishing asystem of circulation gas to the oven, being controlled by ovenpressures which are modied 25.6 by a full application of top by-pass inany type of oven having a cool roof. So naturally the brand newprinciples of the measured load in the oven to control yields, quality.of `gas and'rate of formation is dependent on combination with thebypass to a very important extent. In fact, the4 means of introducingcirculation gas to the oven is arranged in the oven roof as well asby-pass but certainly the objectives are more important and my workbacked by a lot more certain knowledge even though the teachings of U.S. 1,888,012 were proven in every `respect and 11.5% increase in benzeneand increase in the hydro-carbon content of the gas, as well as a dropin temperature there-inafter.

in the standpipe vof 70 degrees C. Taking absolute zero at minus 273degrees C., 70 divided by 273 equals at one, two hundred and seventythird for every degree C., 25.6% drop in oven pressure and volume, underthe gas laws. VThru this circulation gas which is controlled byoven backpressure itself, controls are established` over the reaction zone,through an arranged diiiusion of an admixture of gases, provided with acontrol of the admixture which control in turn is activated by the backpressure in the oven, itself. Some moderate pre-heating of the gases sointroduced, prior to entry to the reaction zone, by arrangement ofinitial vertical and horizontal travel in the oven roof, for gases sointroduced. By reaction zone I mean the free zone above the leveled coalcharge, although the reactions startin the solid mass, where vthetemperature slowly rises while the temperature of gases in the reactionzone under back pressure remains almost constant, as affected by thebasic design provisions in the heating flues as constructed. In Europewhere the coking schedules are not, generally speaking, as short as inthe United States, the temperatures in the reaction zone, are also above800 degrees C. the eiect in the gases in addition to the normal heat'ofrelease in reactions of a constant, stable, and unobstructed heat drivefrom the heating flue arrangement. Now, April 1, 1941, an improvementiny U. S. 1,888,012, U, S. 2,236,782, was granted the present inventor.It provided: for the placement .of catalysts in the by-pass and thereturn of the by-pass to the reaction zone, if desired. So henceforth, Iwill make no particular distinction in the placement of a by-lpassarranged in cool portion of oven roof for benet of gas temperaturereduction, -as to whether it returns to the reaction zone, in physicalarrangement or not. It is a well known fact that when the solid massreaches 750 deg. C. and passes it and the gases iind no further reliefthereto inthe reaction zone above, only lean gases are produced Now itisproposed that while maintained optimum rate of distillation and probablebenets of momentary contact with walls, that the second chance latoptimum temperature for rich gas hydrocarbon formation be providedV.point of emergence into the free reaction zone,

above the leveled coal charge. In the United States especially, wherehigher temperatures, are carried, the benets of the full by-pass4arrangementshown in Figure 7, is recommended by the writer, above theprovision for return to reaction zone, because the distance downward tooptimum temperature dilution is greater.

Two gas holders are recommended for the circulation gas, one to providea maintained pressure on the circulation main, andv the other, toprovidea reserve and a feeder to the holder for the circulation main.They can be filled gradually to avoid disturbance of existing send outrequirements in present distribution arrangements, and then; written offmuch as is the 3 l e ditloning of the reaction zone gases by such acontrolled dilution of an admixture of gases, and further diifusionprovisions arranged in the oven roof. The term a circulation gas is usedin a generic sense, for any gas or admixture of gases.

5 cooling, with the special laterial gas feed to the In the heating nuesarrangement this invention eliminates the crossover flue system, whilemaintaining equal regenerator efiiciency for underring without counterowt0 gas. Besides the shorter coking schedules:

In the United States, another contributing factor to somewhat higher gastemperatures is inherent in the crossover ue oven design, as

lcrossover ilues inevitably cause a hot roof, and necessitate thesacrifice of a black depth of coke to, correct it. Now, in thisinvention the crossover ue is eliminated as the previously solitarymeans of providing a regenerator for separate pre-heating of low qualitygas and air, without counterflow between gas so l pre-heated andproducts of combustion to stack, so that in event of leaks no gas islost to stack. Now the crossover flue, involved an exchange of heatbetween two adjacent heating walls. This invention becomes the second'tohave the important regenerator` feature. This invention eliminates thecross-over as harmful to gas temperature at the top, and becomes theonly oven with a selective exchange in a heating wall and the importantregenerator condition of absence of counterow at the outside regeneratorwalls lengthwise of the ovens. And in the perfection of this, hereinevery inch of available oven support has been provided to make thisprobably the strongest under oven support every offered in aV modem ovendesign.

A 26 inch width of flue by the customary approximate 12 inch lengthwiseof the wall is recommended The key to strengthening an oven wall lies inthe ue separation brick whether the alternate interlocking juncture inthe Wall, is a bottle brick with a modified end at the interlock, or theT brick The so-called hammer head is a T brick. Now, if the latter isused, a joint should be provided well back of the 'I'.

I recommended the middleroad of an unmodified taper juncture in. thewall interlock, and

fullest backing of the wall in Winged shoulders at the flue corners.l

Strengthening the horizontal nuesby making them smaller is good.

' Now, I suggest that a portion of the area, provided by the wider ue beused to strengthen the iiue separation brick as the key to any otherefforts to strengthen the oven wall. Having provided absence ofcounterilow in the outside regenerator walls, they are adaptableas shownto the well known under jet fuel gas feed-probably the longer jet wouldbe used.

But I also. provide efilciency in lateral fuel gas feed in gun iiredfeed at regenerator face that has separate side service to No. 1 outsideilue, which has the advantage of less decomposition of fuel gas andbetter working conditions for the 65 men. Itis obvious that with thespecial direct feed to the outside ue only. that the velocity can becontrolled at point of entry and that the #1 vflue nozzle can beeliminated therein, as it would be in the under jet method.

The outside ue bears the brunt of radiation at the jamb well left forexpansion at both ends from the oven face brick. With special feed tothe outside nue, these losses can be overcome. with No. 1 iiue warm, No.2 is warm, and No. 3,

outside ilues and with the laterial gas feed ducts feeding the otherfiues in adjacent heating walls placed intermediately of two heatingwalls, above the outside regenerator walls, where there is l0 never anycounterow. These are walls |02 Fig.

1, where placement for adaption for under jet is shown. These could feedgas to alternate-concurrent, non-parallel groups of ilues in twoadjacent heating walls. The exchange of heat 15 being selective in theheating walls, the flue groupings for exchange may vary in number alongthe walls. Y

Having a selective exchange it is proposed that the ue groupings at thecenter may be built for one and one exchange while the outside iiues maybe built for the two and two exchange. This proposal is to moderate thefriction load on the stack at the point where it is greatest, the centerof the oven, to insure a minimum of gas travel from the chambers 'to theilues inherent in a low stack differential. Figure 1 is a twice brokenvertical, cross sectional view. A section of the roof and anothersection of same2,- showing a section of a by-pass 24 and flue inspectionport I1 with 30 cover I8, top and bottom sections of a coking chamberI9, with top level of coal charge-22 and reaction zone above 23. g Abroken view of a vertical branch leading from reaction zone 23 toby-pass 24. Top and bottom of vertical flue I3,

horizontal iues I6 with the communication l5 through the cap brick tovertical flues I3. Note that the top levels of the horizontal fiues areat least six inches below the top level of the coal charge 22 to protectthe gases in the reaction zone 23 from over heating. Gas nozzles 20, at

25 and phantom'view A12 of mean placement of special lateral feeds tooutside iues only, at regenerator portion face. Top of outsideregenerator portionsv 9 and top of inside regenerator portions I0,outwardly tapered support B,

checquer shapes 1, bus iiues 5, outside regenerator walls |02 andcentral longitudinal division walls |0I, bus flue partition 6,furnishing unbroken outwardly support to meet taper I, from both wall|02 and wall |0|. A mere modification in taper 4 forms three sides ofopening 21 from to show vertical openings, 28

bus ues 5, which can be clearly seen in a glance at the second openregenerator section from the left where the formation of 21 opening'stands out. The third -regenerator from the left is broken in checquershapes 1 and the low center of gravity joints in 1 checquer shapes, lowcentrally lof contact at spaced openings with ows of gaseous fluidswhich scrub joints there. Dotted phantom veri tical passages are shownin walls |02, as shown by broken view connected to vertical flue incenter of Figure 1,'shows placement in outside regenerator walls toducts to adaptV this oven to the well known under jet principle for gasfeeds to individual ues from a basement below ovens lost to stack. Dueto the turn the long jet or higirjetis indicated To return to theprovisionsfor the lateral fuel gas feed. Gas nozzles 20 are at oor levelof vertical flues I3, hence are scrubbed by waste gases on the return tothe air port which at the temp. of the flue inhibits carbon. Butthatreaction is only quite effective at elevated temperatures. Hence thisoven will rely 0n the old reliable air decarbonization. As welldescribed in my remote l0 basic to my U. S. 2,208,053, July 16, 1940, U.S. 2,049,136, issued July 28, 1936, the general nature of the windboxfuel gas and decarbonizing controls are well known to those skilled inthe art, for admission or exclusion of air, or blast furnace or producergas or return in waste gas to leads to stack, same being activated bymovement oa cable according to individual tie up of pulleys or drumsmoved by cable or Varm attachment to cable movement for slack or pullup. Said cables '20 running lengthwiseof battery. I intend use ofgravity left, plunger type covers for damperlng lead to stack arch andalso low quality gas coinpartment. The reversing decarbonizing controlmachinery is well known. A butterfly valve set uniformly by a quadrant.Concave corrugated outer surfaces to wind boxes designed to bind apoured refractory around wind box to seal joints thereof.

Figure 2 is a broken longitudinal view, show- 30 ing a portion of theroof 2 in -its relationship to the horizontal i'lues I6 and theirselective tie up with the vertical flues through openings I5 in thevertical flue cap brick. The grouping for exchange between the verticalues being entirely v selective results in the showing of horizontalflues I6 in varied length alongthe heating wall.- The arrows indicateonly one of several possible arrangement of flows. Note that in thisfigure the one and one exchange is shown at the center of the oven andthe two and two exchange at the outside. This would lighten the frictionat the center which is the greatest distance from bus nue-inletandvoutlet and would lessen gas travel losses from coking chamber toflues.

Figure 3 shows the regenerator shape 'I with openings 28 and low centerof gravity joint provisions.

Figure 4 shows an enlarged section of the bus iiues 5, bus fluepartition 6 with support features. 60

Figure 5 is a longitudinal broken viewv of the top structure 2 and 30,coal lorry tracks 44, by pass 24 with sections there of 32 and46,vertical branches there of 3|, 45 and standplpe 41, lid l 48, collectingmain 49, riser 50 vcrossover main 55 showing butter fly valve 5I,controller 54, motor 53 linkageto butter fly valve 52. This is thecrossover main control of gases leaving the battery at the cross-overmain. Returning to the oven in Figure 5, the dotted line represents e0top of leveled coal charge. The provisions at the left of the roof for ashelf or catwalk for the placement of circulation gas controls.Circulation gas main 5l, pipe vconnection 55, with valve 56, linkage tomotor 53, vertical passage 0r Well 65 ting motor on circulation line).35 connecting 75 controller 40, 4|., 42, Eiland motor 53 with lni age tovalve 53 on circulation line B5.

Figure 6 more clearly and fully shows a type of control apparatus thathas given satisfactory, economical service for thirty years. Itssimplicity and low cost recommend it until the equipment manufacturersadapt to this new outlet for their wares. The lines carrying the backpressure to the meter in the l" offtake fromvthe 21/2" line have beenexplained. The, 1" line connects by base connection to nreter having apipe continuation inside, that extends upward through an aqueous fluidpipe 61 into a bottomless float 69 opening into it above the level ofthe fluid. Gas pressure causes the float to rise or fall,y the penattached to the float making a yrecording on a chart fastened around acylindrical clock type' drum. The 2.1/2 line 39 continues up through afluid (usually water) in a 14v inch x 10 inch deep vessel 4I, openingabove fluid into a bottomless float 42 resting in the fluid and havinglinkage 58 with a balance on one side of a fulcrum, 62 'contacts 63 and64 at one end of the balance and a regular scale balancev at the otherhaving weight 6I, fastened at 59, adjustment nut 60, contacts 64 and 63as the back pressure varies operate one of two breakers in circuit withmotor 53 control of valve 56 in circulation'line 55.

Figure 'I shows the type of installation, that I recommend for theUnited States, where the full effects of this invention must be broughtinto play to dilute the reaction `zone temperatures down to 750 degreesC. The short coking schedules here make this so. There is nothing newabout raising thelorry tracks but some reinforcement is'desirablednFigure '7 installation. Onli7 one of the lorrytracks will need to bereinforced, however, as a glance at Figure 7 will show. The other trackhas the whole roof under it. Soreinforcing but one side of the raisedtracks is not too much of. a job.

I am convinced that any dilution of gas shor of that required to produce750 degrees C., is not enough. In other words, I look on 750 deg. C. asthe critical point. Stability and constancy of maintained heat in thereaction zone is a characteristic of any oven, with level of stability,basic .in thev heating provisions.

The big drive is to arrange for maxium admixture and dilusion to attainthe goal set in diluting and conditioning the admixture of gas receivingthe gas rising vfrom the solid charge.

I trust thatIve made it clear.

siderable at all times in some of'the ovens.

There is known evidence that 750 deg. C. is the critical point in richgas formation.

The late Professor Parr of the University of Illinois, who did somedistinguished work on calorimetry and gas analysis from the lowesttemperature, carried on some experiments at Urbana, Illinois, onIllinois coal. He reported that gently pre-heated coal treated in ovensat nearly normal temperatures for five hours ceased to produce rich gasat 750 degrees C. in the mass. wIn providing these controls over basicoven factors to increased yields and richer gas, oven pressures arecontrolling factors. These are based on provided constant readilyavailable knowledge on the part of the operator, of what conditionsreally prevail in the component ovens of a battery, and a coke ovendesigned for strength and eiilciency and maximum flexibility,

The benefits do not stop with pyrolysis factor benets. TheV air dilutionin present batteries of ovens is con- 7 that should be pleasing to thesteel, gas utility, and chemical field. I sincerely gave their needslong consideration.

Having thus described my invention in but a few constructions underwhich it may be built, I claim the full scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a coke oven having a coking chamber and heating nues on each sideof the coking chamber, regenerators below the coking chambers, eachregenerator composed of two independent main longitudinal sectionscommunicating with at least two heating ues on the same side of thecoking chamber, which are grouped together for exchange of heat, eachregenerator section having at least two independent rows of spaced,vertical ducts, supporting walls separating the adjacent regeneratorsections, each section being formed of a series of superimposedhorizontal bricks extending between said supporting walls, each brickhaving two vertical openings forming said ducts, each brick having adepressed groove in the upper surface between said openings and acorresponding projection downward from the lower surface, means forsupporting the lowermost row of bricks between said openings and a wallsupported between the openings by the uppermost row of bricks, saidsupporting walls and last named wall which support said coking chamberand heating flues, forming an integrated structure.

2. In a coke oven having a coking chamber and heating iiues on each sideof the coking chamber, regenerators below the coking chambers, eachregenerator composed of two independent main longitudinal sectionscommunicating with at least two heating filles on the same side of thecoking chamber, which are grouped together for exchange of heat eachregenerator section having at least two independent rowsoi spaced,vertical ducts, supporting walls separating the adjacent regeneratorsections, each sec-y tion being formed of a series of superimposedhorizontal bricks extending between said supporting walls, each brickhaving two vertical openings forming said ducts, each brick having adepressed groove in the upper surface between said openings and acorresponding projection downward from the lower surface, means forsupporting the lowerm-ost rows of bricks between said openings and awall supported between the openings bythe uppermost row ofbricks, saidsupporting walls and last named wall which support said cokingchamberand heating ues, forming an integrated structure, in which thelower portions of the longitudinal supporting walls and the wall belowthe bricks, form regenerator bus-ilues, the supporting walls havingAprojecting .tongues beneath and further supporting the lowermost row ofbricks, said tongues having spaced vertical groove therein forming theentrance to the vertical ductsin the regenerator sections. r

3. In a coke oven having a coking chamberspaced, vertical ducts,supporting walls separating tl e adjacent regenerator sections, eachsection being formed of a series of superimposed horizontall bricksextending between said supporting walls, each brick having two verticalopenings forming said ducts, each brick having a depressed groove in theupper Surface between said openings and a corresponding projectiondownward from the lower surface, means for supporting the lowermost rowof bricks between said openings and a wall supportedbetween the openings.by the uppermost row of bricks, said supportingfwalls and last namedwall which supported said coking chamber and heating flues, forming anintegrated structure, in which the lower portions of the longitudinalsupporting walls and the walls below the bricks, form regeneratorbus-nues, the supporting walls having projecting tongues beneath andfurther supporting the lowermost row of bricks, said tongues havingspaced vertical groove therein forming the entrance tothe vertical ductsin the regenerator sections, in which the lower portions of thelongiudinal supporting walls and the lower wall below the bricks formtwo regenerator busilues, said bus ues serving to supply air in two ofbus-nues and waste gas return in others or reverse or low quality gasmay be introduced in outer bus-fines without counter ilow to returningwaste gases, said bus fiues extending the length of regenerator.

4. In a coke oven having a coking chamber and heating ilues on each sideof. the coking chamber, regenerators below the coking chambers, eachregenerator composed of two independent main longitudinal sectionscommunicating with at least two heating flues on the same side of thecoking chamber, which are grouped together for exchange of heat eachregenerator section having at least two independent rows of spaced,vertical ducts, supporting walls separating the adjacent regeneratorsections, each section being formed of a series of superimposedhorizontal bricks extending between said supporting walls, each brickhaving two vertical openings forming said ducts, each brick having adepressed groove-in the upper surface between said openings and acorresponding projection downward from the lower surface, means forsupporting the lowermost rows of bricks between said openings and a wallsupported between the openings by the uppermost row of bricks, saidsupporting walls and last named wall which support said c-oking chamberand heating ilues, forming an integrated structure, in which the lowerportions of the longitudinal supporting walls andthe wall below thebricks, formregenerator bus-nues, the supporting walls having proectingtongues beneath and further supporting the lowermost row of bricks, saidtongues having spaced vertical grooves therein forming the entrance tothe vertical ducts in the regenerator sections, the outside supportingwalls providing placement for rich gas ducts if adapted to well-knownunder jet rich gas feed ducts to individual nues, as there is never anycounterflow with waste gases at outer supporting walls.

5. In a coke oven having a coking chamber and heating flues on each sideof the coking chamber, regenerators below the coking chambers, eachregenatcr composed of two independent main longitudinal sectionscommunicating with at least two heating fiues on the same side of thecoking chamber, which are grouped together for exchange of heat eachregenerator section having at least two independent rows of spaced,vertical ducts, supporting walls separating the adjacent regeneratorsections, each section` being formed longitudinal supporting walls andthe wall be.

low the bricks, form regenerator bus-flues, the supporting walls havingprojecting tongues beneath and further supporting the lowermost row ofbricks,` said tongues having spaced vertical grooves therein forming theentrance to the vertical ducts in the regenerator sections, fuel gasducts which are central of two adjacent heating walls, said ductssimultaneously servicing alternate non-parallel groups of flues in saidwalls, independent fuel gas feeds provided at regenervator faces for theoutside iiue which is the first flue thereto, to overcome radiationlosses.

6. In combination with a by-product coke oven a coking chamber formedbetween two heating walls having a cool portion of oven roof at the topof the oven, means for admitting circulation gases to top of ovenchamber', controls for said means, said controls being activated by thepressure of the oven gases, a by-'pass in said cool portion of oven roofwith vertical branches therein, connecting to the coking chamber, aheating wall with Vertical flues therein, conduits connecting the iiuesto form groups, said groups of `flues increasing in number outwardlyfrom at least two flues at the center of the coke oven, to moderate gaspressures in the flues and-minimize friction load and reduce gas travellosses, a plurality of regenerators separated by central longitudinalwalls, each group of flues communicating with alternate sides of acentral longitudinal regenerator wall, each regenerator havingtherethrough two rows of vertical, spaced ducts independent of eachother, low center of gravity joints between the rows of ducts saidjoints extending lengthwise of each regenerator, bus flues connected tosaid ducts, the regenerator brick structure forming intermediate supportbetween said longitudinal walls for the above coke oven structure, saidsections being provided with absence of counterflow at the outsideretaining walls of the oven, lengthwise of regenerator.

7. A coke oven comprising a coking chamber, a roof above the cokingchamber, a by-pass in said roof having vertical openings communicatingwith said coking chamber, a gaszexhaust conduit at one end of said ovenchamber, said exhaust conduit in gas flow connection with the by-pass;gas inlet means at the other end of the coking chamber for theintroduction of circulation gases; control means for regulating the flowof gas through said inlet means; said control means actuated. andregulated by the gas pressure in the coke oven chamber to introduce,circulating gas to maintain a fixed pressure in said chamber, said gasinlet means being in gas flow connection with said oven chamber and saidby-pass.

8. A coke oven comprising a coking chamber, a

roof above the coking chamber, a by-pass in said roof having verticalopenings communicating with said coking chamber and some serving ascharging openings, a gas exhaust conduit in gas flow connection with theby-pass; gas inlet means at j the other end of coking chamber for theintroduction of circulation gases; control means for regulating the owof gas through said inlet means; said control means actuated andregulated by the gas pressure in the coke oven chamber to introduce,circulating gas to maintain a fixed pressure in said chamber, said gasinletY means being in gas flow connection with said oven chamber andsaid by-pass.

9. In combination, dening a means, with a by-product coke oven, a cokingchamber formed between' two Vertical heating walls having flues therein,said chamber having a cool upper roof portion, a controlled means ofadmitting a ycirculation gas to the chamber reaction zone, said controlsactivated by 4gas pressure in the chamber, said means moderatingrelatively stable reaction zone gas temperatures as affected byunobstructed heating drive, a by-pass for gases in said means lesseninggas pressure in the cool pors tion of roof, said by-pass having verticalbranches to chamber, certain of said vertical branches provide coalcharging holes thereto, said vertical branches being of approximatelythe diameter of the chamber athwart the width thereof, said bypassprovided with catalysts placed therein, further arrangements forcirculationV gas, in hori-- zontal and vertical roof channels, saidmeans provided in said channels, to pre-heat circulation gases, prior tointroduction of said circulation gas to the reaction zone.

10. In a by-product coke oven defining a means in combinationaregenerator having two outer walls and a central wall lengthwisethereof, heating wall with ilues therein, communicating alternately ineven adjacent groups of flues, each half of a said group of fluescommunicating with an alternate side of central longitudinal regeneratordivision walls, spaced vertical ducts lengthwise thereof, in outside andinside sub-sections, said sub-sections being centrally independent, lowcenter of gravity joints therein-means providing for absenceofcounterflow at outside regenerator walls, means for placement offuel'gas feeds vertically to independent flues providing means foradaption of this oven to the well known under jet fuel gas feed, withoutcounteriiow of fuel gas to Waste gases -in the vertical fuel gas feedsleading to each vertical ue in a heating wall, in.

placement of said fuel gas feeds in said outside regenerator walls,flows being in uniform direction at said Walls,- never counter-flowingwaste gases leading to a stack so that no fuel gas, so introduced can belost to stack.

11. In a by-product coke oven, dening a means in combination, aregenerator having two outer walls and a central Wall lengthwisethereof, a heating wall with conduits connecting vertical ilues thereinin communication in-alternate equal numbers of flues which communicatewith an alternate side of central longitudinal regenerator divisionwall, spaced vertical ducts lengthwise of regenerator each side of saidcentral wall, in independent rows lengthwise of regeneratr, meansprovided for low center of gravity joints'therein, centrally of saidrows, said means being placed lengthwise of regenerator, said rows ofducts being over two independent bus ilues on each side of said centrallongitudinairegenerator wall, bus flue partition inter-locked with sidewalls furnishing support to said rows of sections, said side wallsformed by said central and outer regenerator walls, means providingabsence of counter flow at the outer walls lengthwise thereof, at theouter walls which dene a regenerator, said outer walls tween twovertical heating walls, said oven havinga cool roof, in combination, acoking chamber having a cool roof there to arrangements therein forvintroduction of circulation gas to the chamber thereof, saidarrangements being vertical and i horizontal channels in said roof vtoprovide a gentle pre-heating of said" circulation gas, prior to entryinto said chamber, further arrangements for by-pass for gases in thecool portion of oven roof, said by pass having vertical branches to saidchamber, said circulation gases being provided with controls, saidcontrols being activated by gas pressure conditions in the chamber,providing a measured admixture of gases in the reaction zone, withinlimits provided by cool by-pass, in a balanced relationship thereto.

13. With a by-product coke oven formed between two vertical heatingwalls, said oven having a cool roof. in combination, a by-pass arrangedin cool portion oi' oven roof, having vertical branches to oven chamber,said means providing initial reduction in gas volume and pressure instandpipe which conveys gases from oven. in combination with furtherprovisions of horizontal and vertical channels for introducingcirculation gas into the oven chamber, to control temperature of gasestherein by admixture therewith, to provide more nearly optimumtemperature to gases in the admixture, at reception of gases emergingfrom the solid charge, said circulation gases being provided withcontrols activated by a measured gas pressure in the chamber.

14. With a by-product coke oven formed between two vertical heatingwalls, said oven having a cool upper area. of the roof thereto. incombination, a by-pass arranged in cool portion of oven rooi', havingvertical branches to oven chamber, and a means of introducingcirculation gas to the oven chamber, to provide dilution of temperature-condition of gas therein by admixture therewith,

within limits of reduction in volume and pressure due to cool by-pass,said circulation gas being provided with controls, said controls beingactivated by measured gas pressure in the chamber, certain of verticalbranches in said arrangements, provide coal charging passages for theoven.

15. In combination with a. b v-product coke oven, a regenerator havingtwo outer walls and a central wall lengthwise thereof. a coking chamberformed between two vertical heatingwalls, a cool portion of oven roof atthe top of the oven, a controlled means of admitting circulation gasesto the coking chamber, said control activated by gas pressure in thechamber a by-pass arranged in cool portion of oven roof with verticalbranches to chamber, reduces gas pressure, moderating gas pressurelosses to flues, a heating wall with vertical ues therein, conduitsconnecting the iiues in selective relationship for chosen exchange,having heat exchange in smaller groups of flues centrally of oven, tomoderate flue pressures there and minimize friction load and reduce gastravel losses from the chamber, a plurality of sections of regeneratorhaving a central longitudinal wall, said flues in each heating wallcommunicating with an alternate side of central longitudinal regeneratorwall, said sections arranged in two rows or spaced vertical ducts, saidrows of ducts being centrally independent of each other, low center ofgravity joints between said rows of ducts. extending lengthwise ofregenerator, bus hues thereto with partition thereof. said partitionforming intermediate support with .side walls for said sections above,means provided in said sections for absence of counterflow at outsideretainlng wallslengthwise of regenerator.

16. With a by-product coke oven having a cool roof, a coking chamberformed between two vertical heating walls, in combination, a regeneratorhaving two outer walls and a central wall lengthwise thereof. a by-passarranged in cool portion of oven roof having vertical branches to coking,chamber thereof, said 'by-pass reducing gas pressure, providingreduction of gas travel losses to stack, and an initial drop in volumeand pressure, a controlled means of admitting circulation gas to theoven for gas temperature dilution by admixture and diffusion, saidcirculation gas control valve mechanism being activated by measured gaspressure in the oven chamber, said heating walls' with ilues thereingrouped in smaller groups of ilues at oven center to lessen chamber gasloss there, and for exchange of heat which is selective in selected evengroups of ilues along a heating wall, said iiues communicating with analternate side of central regenerator division wall with twosub-sections of the regenerator, said sub-sections formed by two rows ofspaced vertical ducts lengthwise of regenerator, said rows of verticalducts being integrated, but centrally independent, low center of gravityjoints between said rows of ducts lengthwise of regenerator, but iiuesbeneath, inter-locking support being formed therein betwien bus uepartition and walls thereto, bus flue openings therefrom leading tospaced vertical ducts, said`bus iue openings to sub regenerator sectionsabove, said openings being formed on three sides by modification oftaper from walls and on the one remaining side by centrally taperedsupport thereto.

17. In combination with a bil-product coke oven having a cool roof, acoking chamber formed between two vertical heating walls, deining ameans, in combination. a controlled means of admitting a circulation gasto the chamber, forming anv admixture of gases therein providing adilution of temperature of gases in reaction zone, to control a revisionof temperature in gases for improvement in pyrolysis factors of carboncompounds, rate of formation of said compounds at early stages of gasformation, and to provide elimination of air dilution of gas in ovenchamber on a. battery of ovens, a by-pass for said gases arranged incool portions of chamber roof having vertical branches thereto, certainof vertical branches incidental to said combined 'arrangements providingcoal charging passages to the chamber, said combination and said means,providing less free carbon in the gas and a control ior improvement ofgas quality, products rate of formation, and a measured pressure load,in component ovens in a battery of ovens.

18. In combination with a by-product coke oven having a cool upper roofarea, a coking chamber formed between two vertical heating walls, acontrolled means of admitting circulation gas to chamber for a measuredgas load therein, said controlled means having controls, said controlsactivated by gas pressure in the chamber within limits of importantreduction of volume andpressure, said reduction of volume and pressuredue to a by-pass of oven chamber arranged ber, certain of verticalbranches to chamber providing coal charging holes thereto` 19. Incombination with a lay-product coke oven, said oven having a coolportion in upper roof area, a coking chamber, said chamber formedbetween two heating vertical walls, a controlledmeans of admittingcirculation gas to the chamber, said controls activated by gas pressurein the chamber, important reduction of pressure and volume due a by-passof chamber with vertical branches thereto, said by-pass arranged inVcool portion of oven roof, said by-pass limiting loss to ilues bymodifying pressure, a heating wall with vertical nues therein, a heatexchange conned thereto, having adjacent groups of flues, conduitsconnecting even number of ilues in groups, for exchange of heat, a smallnumber of vertical'flues in group-at the center of oven, to minimizechamber gas losses in a heat exchange 'between adjacent flues, saidadjacent flues coin- 20. In combination with a by-product coke' ovenhaving a Acool roof area, a coking chamber formed between two verticalheating walls, a controlled means of admitting circulation gas tochamber, a by-pass arranged in cool portion of oven roof, said controlsactivated by gas pressure in said chamber, important reduction inpressure and volume due to said by pass' of chamber, vertical branchesfrom said by-pass leading to chamber, certain of the vertical vbranchesincidental to said combined arrangements providing coal chargingpassages to the oven, said arrangements providing a controlled gas loadin u the oven, elimination of air dilution in the chamber, and improvedpyrolysis factors in the reaction zone of the coking chamber.

21. With a by-'product coke oven formed between two vertical heatingwalls, said oven having cool roof area, defining a means, incombination, a regenerator having two outer and one central wall, aheating wall with ues therein, said ues in communication in alternateequal'numbers with one side alternately of a central longitudinalregenerator wall, for anexchange of heat, said regenerator having twooutside walls longitudinal thereof, spaced vertical ducts lengthwise ofregenerator in centrally independent rows, low center of gravity jointstherebetween lengthwise of regenerator, sub-sections of regenerator thusformed above two independent bus flues, communicating therewith, likesub-sections of regenerator on each side of said central wall, said busflues furnishing support, interlocked from tapered partition' centrallyto taper from walls,

. and remaining half of ues communicating with means provided forabsence of counterow in outside walls lengthwise of regenerator, saidmeans providing an area in and karound and y 14 cutloss of gas to stackin an exchange of heat of ilues in the same heating wall.

22. With a by-product coke oven, having a coking chamber formed betweentwo -vertical heating walls, each wall having ilues connected byconduits in groups of at least two iiues for exchange of heat, eachheating wall provided with a regeneratonsaid regenerator having twoouter walls and a central wallextending beneath each heating walllongitudinally thereof., means providing like vertical iiows of gaseousfluids, each side of said central wall in integrated centrallyindependent pairs of sections,`integrated centrally thereof, half ofsaid flues in each heating Wall communicating with one pairk of sections`thereof, providing means of preheating low quality gas without counteriiow in the outer portions thereof, and means for a selectivearrangement of fiues in adjacent groups of nues, said groups of ues eachconnected by conduits for exchange of heat between any selected evennumber of adjacent nues in the same wall.

23. With a by-product coke oven, in a battery of coke ovens, a cokingchamber formed between two vertical heating walls, each wall havingflues connected by conduits for exchange ofl heat in groups of at leasttwo flues, each heating wall provided with a regenerator, saidregenerator having two outer walls and a central wall extending beneatheach heating wall lengthwise thereof, means providing like verticalflows of gaseous fluids, lengthwise of regenerator on each side of saidcentral division wall, in integrated centrally independent pairs ofsections, half of said flues communicating with one pair of saidsections and each side of central wall in sub-sections thereof,

without counterilow with waste gases to stack, and

means for a selective arrangement of flues in adjacent groups of flues,said groups of flues each connected by conduits, for exchange of heatbetween any selected even group of adjacent flues in the same wall, afuel gas duct centrally of two adjacent heating walls except at endwalls in said battery of coke ovens, said fuel gas duct simultaneouslyservicing alternate non-parallel groups of ilues in said walls, a likefuel gas duct servicing alternate ues Vat said end walls, independentfuel gas feeds provided at regenerator faces, for the outside flueswhich is the rst ilue from said regenerator face thereto,l saidindependent feeds to outside flues tend to overcome radiation losses.

24. With a by-product coke oven defining a means in combination, aregenerator extending beneath la heatingl wall with groups of verticalflues, in said heating wall, said flues connected by conduits, saidflues selectively grouped to Aprovide heat exchange in each group withtwo main longitudinal sections of regenerator, each half of said iiuescommunicating with one main section of said regenerator, said groups ofiiues provided with an exchange ofV heat, with said regenerator below,alternate ues in each group of ues com.-

'ymunicating with one side of a central longitudinal regenerator wall in'two subsections of regenerator extending beneath each heating wall, ameans providing like flows of gaseous fluids lengthwise o f regeneratorin spaced vertical ducts, centrally independent sub-sections ofregenerator. said subsections integrated in low center gravity joints.said sections having bus ues beneath, with partition Ilengthwisethereof, said partition interiocked with walls. and providingintermediate support; Y

25. With a by-product coke oven, defining a means in combination, aregenerator having two outer walls and a central wall lengthwisethereof, said regenerator extending beneath a heating wall with conduitsconnecting groups of vertical ues in said heating wall. said verticalilues selectively grouped to provide an exchange of heat for evennumbers of vertical flues, in said exchange the alternate iiues in eachgroup of iiues each communicate with one side of said centralregenerator division wall longitudinally of" the oven, said regeneratorwalls defining two major sections of regenerator, each major section ofregenerator being provided with means for like dithe regenerator, so-that the low quality gas mayI 16 v be preheated therein, without lossto stack, or when heating with fuel gas, both sub-sections preheat air.

PAUL M. PINCKARD.

y REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

lo UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name l Date 627,595 Schnlewind June 27,1899 1,847,098 Otto, Mar. 1, 1932 1,888,012 Pinckard Nov. 15, 1932 152,003,565 Van Ackeren June 4, 1935 2,110,376 Drehschmidt Mar. 8, 19382,116,641 Reppekus May 10, 1938 2,129,658 v Drehschmidt Sept. 13, 19382,158,666 Otto May 16, 1939 2,208,053 APinckard July 16, 1940 22,236,782 Pinckard Apr. 1, 1941 2,049,136 Pinckard July 28, 19362,292,074 Otto Aug. 18, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS 25 Number Country Date 7704Great Britain 1910 52,778 Austria Mar. 26, 1912 103,243 Great BritainJan. 18, 1917

